July 2008

About Copyright Laws - On the copyright laws ....

LJ Without much time updates ... I've been very busy. I am still busy, Actually.
I am so sorry to lose contact with my LJ friends all this time ... (
[Long time no update my LJ ... I've been busy. In fact, still am. I'm sorry to lose touch with my friends of the LJ for so long ...: (]
Anyway, I saw in the MTV news is sueing Youtube Youtube and Judge Asked to Give MTV all the data of Their users (user names, IPs, etc) to be Used as Evidence in the case.

http://blog.wired.com/27bstroke6/2008/07/judge-orders-yo.html

[Anyway, I saw on the news that MTV is suing Youtube and the judge asked him to Youtube that you give MTV all user data (usernames, IPs, etc) to be used as evidence in the case.]

http://www.telecinco.es/informativos/tecnologia/noticia/40990 / Youtube + forced + to + reveal + the + IP + Address + to + millions + of + users

So I Remembered this excellent story by Richard Stallman and I wanted to share.

The Right to Read

This article appeared in the February 1997 issue of Communications of the ACM (Volume 40, Number 2).

(from “The Road To Tycho”, a collection of articles about the antecedents of the Lunarian Revolution, published in Luna City in 2096)

For Dan Halbert, the road to Tycho began in college—when Lissa Lenz asked to borrow his computer. Hers had broken down, and unless she could borrow another, she would fail her midterm project. There was no one she dared ask, except Dan.

This put Dan in a dilemma. He had to help her—but if he lent her his computer, she might read his books. Aside from the fact that you could go to prison for many years for letting someone else read your books, the very idea shocked him at first. Like everyone, he had been taught since elementary school that sharing books was nasty and wrong—something that only pirates would do.

And there wasn't much chance that the SPA—the Software Protection Authority—would fail to catch him. In his software class, Dan had learned that each book had a copyright monitor that reported when and where it was read, and by whom, to Central Licensing. (They used this information to catch reading pirates, but also to sell personal interest profiles to retailers.) The next time his computer was networked, Central Licensing would find out. He, as computer owner, would receive the harshest punishment—for not taking pains to prevent the crime.

Of course, Lissa did not necessarily intend to read his books. She might want the computer only to write her midterm. But Dan knew she came from a middle-class family and could hardly afford the tuition, let alone her reading fees. Reading his books might be the only way she could graduate. He understood this situation; he himself had had to borrow to pay for all the research papers he read. (10% of those fees went to the researchers who wrote the papers; since Dan aimed for an academic career, he could hope that his own research papers, if frequently referenced, would bring in enough to repay this loan.)

Later on, Dan would learn there was a time when anyone could go to the library and read journal articles, and even books, without having to pay. There were independent scholars who read thousands of pages without government library grants. But in the 1990s, both commercial and nonprofit journal publishers had begun charging fees for access. By 2047, libraries offering free public access to scholarly literature were a dim memory.

There were ways, of course, to get around the SPA and Central Licensing. They were themselves illegal. Dan had had a classmate in software, Frank Martucci, who had obtained an illicit debugging tool, and used it to skip over the copyright monitor code when reading books. But he had told too many friends about it, and one of them turned him in to the SPA for a reward (students deep in debt were easily tempted into betrayal). In 2047, Frank was in prison, not for pirate reading, but for possessing a debugger.

Dan would later learn that there was a time when anyone could have debugging tools. There were even free debugging tools available on CD or downloadable over the net. But ordinary users started using them to bypass copyright monitors, and eventually a judge ruled that this had become their principal use in actual practice. This meant they were illegal; the debuggers' developers were sent to prison.

Programmers still needed debugging tools, of course, but debugger vendors in 2047 distributed numbered copies only, and only to officially licensed and bonded programmers. The debugger Dan used in software class was kept behind a special firewall so that it could be used only for class exercises.

It was also possible to bypass the copyright monitors by installing a modified system kernel. Dan would eventually find out about the free kernels, even entire free operating systems, that had existed around the turn of the century. But not only were they illegal, like debuggers—you could not install one if you had one, without knowing your computer's root password. And neither the FBI nor Microsoft Support would tell you that.

Dan concluded that he couldn't simply lend Lissa his computer. But he couldn't refuse to help her, because he loved her. Every chance to speak with her filled him with delight. And that she chose him to ask for help, that could mean she loved him too.

Dan resolved the dilemma by doing something even more unthinkable—he lent her the computer, and told her his password. This way, if Lissa read his books, Central Licensing would think he was reading them. It was still a crime, but the SPA would not automatically find out about it. They would only find out if Lissa reported him.

Of course, if the school ever found out that he had given Lissa his own password, it would be curtains for both of them as students, regardless of what she had used it for. School policy was that any interference with their means of monitoring students' computer use was grounds for disciplinary action. It didn't matter whether you did anything harmful—the offense was making it hard for the administrators to check on you. They assumed this meant you were doing something else forbidden, and they did not need to know what it was.

Students were not usually expelled for this—not directly. Instead they were banned from the school computer systems, and would inevitably fail all their classes.

Later, Dan would learn that this kind of university policy started only in the 1980s, when university students in large numbers began using computers. Previously, universities maintained a different approach to student discipline; they punished activities that were harmful, not those that merely raised suspicion.

Lissa did not report Dan to the SPA. His decision to help her led to their marriage, and also led them to question what they had been taught about piracy as children. The couple began reading about the history of copyright, about the Soviet Union and its restrictions on copying, and even the original United States Constitution. They moved to Luna, where they found others who had likewise gravitated away from the long arm of the SPA. When the Tycho Uprising began in 2062, the universal right to read soon became one of its central aims.

Copyright © 1996 Richard Stallman
Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved.

http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/right-to-read.html

[Then I remembered this excellent story by Richard Stallman and wanted to share it.]

The Right to Read

This article was published in the February 1997 Communications of the ACM (Vol. 40, No. 2).

(from "The Road To Tycho", a collection of articles on the history of the Lunar Revolution, published in Luna City in 2096)

For Dan Halbert, the road to Tycho began in college when Lissa Lenz asked to borrow your computer. The one she had broken, and unless she could borrow another would fail their end of term project. There was no anyone who dared to ask him, except Dan.

This put Dan in a dilemma. He had to help, but if he lent her his computer, she might read his books. Leaving aside the risk of going to jail for many years for letting someone else read your books, the very idea shocked him at first. Like everyone, he had taught since elementary school that sharing books was something wrong and disgusting, something that only pirates would do.

addition, there was little chance that the SPA (the "Software Protection Authority", or Software Protection Authority), fail to catch him. In his software class, Dan had learned that each book had a copyright monitor that reported when and where it was read, and who read, the licensing office (used that information to catch pirates, but also for selling personal profiles to other companies). The next time your computer connects to the network, the Central Licensing would find out. He, as computer owner, would receive the harshest punishment for not taking appropriate measures to prevent crime. Lissa

not necessarily pretend to read books. Probably the only thing she needed was to write your project. But Dan knew she came from a middle class family that could hardly afford the tuition, not thinking about reading fees. Reading his books might be the only way to end his career. He understood the situation, he had to borrow to pay for the research papers I read (10% of that money was going to the authors of the articles, and as Dan wanted a career in college, I expected Articles research, if frequently referenced, give him enough profit to repay the loan).

Later, Dan would learn there was a time when everyone could go to a library and read articles, even books, without having to pay. There were scholars who read thousands of pages without government library grants. But since the 90's of last century, both commercial publishers, such as noncommercial, had begun to charge for access to articles. In 2047, publicly accessible libraries were only a dim memory.

There were ways to avoid the SPA and Central Licensing, but also illegal. Dan had been a classmate of programming, Frank Martucci, who obtained an illicit debugging, and used it to avoid scrutiny of copyright books. But he had told too many friends, and one of them reported him to the SPA for a reward (he was easily tempted to betray his friends, students with huge debts). In 2047 Frank was in prison, but not for piracy, but to have a debugger. Dan

later learned that there was a time when anyone could have debugging tools. There were even free debugging tools available on the web. But ordinary users started using them to bypass copyright controls, and eventually a judge ruled that this had become practical use. That meant that the screens were illegal and programmers who had written ended up in jail.

Obviously, programmers need debuggers, but in 2047 there were only numbered copies of the commercial cleaners, and only available to developers officially approved. The debugger Dan used in software class was kept behind a firewall to allow its use only in class exercises.

could also bypass the copyright monitors by installing a modified system kernel. Dan came to know that at the turn of the century had been free kernels, even entire operating systems. But now not only illegal, like debuggers, could not be installed without knowing the root password of the computer, something that neither the FBI nor Microsoft technical support I would. Dan

concluded that simply could not leave your computer to Lissa. But he could not refuse to help because he loved her. Every chance to speak with her was wonderful. And the fact that she had asked for help could mean that he felt the same way.

Dan resolved the dilemma by doing something even more amazing, he left the computer and told her his password. In this way, if Lissa read his books, Central Licensing would think he was reading it. Was still a crime, but the SPA would not automatically. They could only find out if Lissa reported him.

If the university discovered that he had given his key Lissa mean expulsion for two, regardless of what key she had used it. The university policy was that any interference with their methods of control over the use of computers was grounds for disciplinary action. No matter whether you have done or not any damage, the offense was making it hard for control. They assumed this meant he was doing something forbidden, and do not need to know why.

In general students were expelled for that, not directly. Instead they were forbidden access to university computers, which would inevitably mean failing all his subjects. Dan

later learned that this type of policy at the university began in the late 1980 when students began using computers. Before that, the universities had a different approach to criminalizing activities only harmful, not those who were merely suspected.

Lissa did not report Dan to the SPA. His decision to help led to their marriage, and also to question what they were taught as children about piracy. Began reading about the history of copyright, about the Soviet Union and its restrictions on copying, and even on the original constitution United States. They moved to Luna, where they met with others in the same way away from the long arm of the SPA. When the Tycho Uprising began in 2062, the universal right to read soon became one of its fundamental objectives.

Copyright 1996 Richard Stallman
is permitted Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article and by any medium, provided this notice is preserved.

http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/right-to-read.es.html

On a side note, it's interesting too, to read What Richard Stallman has to say about Rowling and HP.
[On a side note, it's interesting too, read what Richard Stallman has to say about Rowling and HP.]

http://www.stallman.org/harry-potter.html
[In English, sorry, no link in English.]

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